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G, H : SPT and FST results in CUMS mice after treatment with a 10 Hz c-MSS for a variety of durations. E, F : SPT and FST results in CUMS mice after c-MSS treatment using different frequencies of magnetic field. D : Monitoring of body weight of mice compared with age-matched control mice. before CUMS modelling (control mice) (paired Student’s t-test). Treatment of CUMS mice and confirmation of effects of c-MSS through behavioral experimentsĪ : Experimental procedures for selection of optimal field frequency and duration of treatment. #Authors contributed equally to this work This expands the potential applications of magnetic stimulation and progresses brain research towards clinical application. The c-MSS was safe and effective, representing a novel approach in the selective stimulation of arbitrary cortical targets in small animals, playing a bioelectric role in neural circuit regulation, including antidepressant effects in CUMS mice. Results showed that c-MSS rapidly improved depressive-like symptoms in CUMS mice after stimulation with a 10 Hz field for 5 d, combined with increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and inactivation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function, which enhanced neuronal activity due to SPIO nanoparticle-mediated effects. Biomarkers representing therapeutic effects were measured before and after c-MSS intervention. A 0.1 T magnetic field (adjustable frequency) was used for magnetic stimulation (5 min/session, two sessions daily). SPIO nanodrugs were then delivered precisely to the left PrL cortex using in situ injection. Depressive-like behavior was established in mice using a chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model. After imaging of the SPIO nanoparticles in the left prelimbic (PrL) cortex in mice, we determined their safety and physical characteristics. The c-MSS uses a mild magnetic pulse sequence and injection of superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanodrugs to elevate local cortical susceptibility. Here, a novel combined magnetic stimulation system (c-MSS) was established for brain stimulation in mice. However, challenges remain in the power of penetration and precision of magnetic stimulation, especially in small animals.
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Magnetic brain stimulation has greatly contributed to the advancement of neuroscience.